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Czech schools in Vienna ：ウィキペディア英語版

Czech schools in Vienna

During the 20th century, there were numerous Czech schools in Vienna. These provided the city’s large Czech population with instruction in Czech.
== Habsburg Monarchy ==
The first Czech primary school with attached kindergarten was opened in the Quellenstraße in Favoriten in 1883. In 1908, a technical college was also founded; it was felt that the need for this was more pressing than for a grammar school.
The ''Komenský'' association, which was responsible for these schools, struggled to obtain public status for these institutions, which would have entitled them to state funding. Although the ''Dezemberverfassung'' laws of 21 December 1867 granted every "nationality" linguistic equality and thus the right to public schooling in its language, Vienna’s mayor Karl Lueger feared that the city risked becoming increasing dominated by Slavs (it is estimated that as many as 500,000 Czechs lived in the city, which had a total population of 1.6 million). The Lower Austrian parliament, which was also responsible for Vienna at the time, ruled from 1896 onward that German should be the only language of instruction in all state schools.〔Michael John, Albert Lichtblau: ''Schmelztiegel Wien – Einst und jetzt'', Böhlau Verlag Gesellschaft m.b.H und Co.KG, Wien, ISBN 3-205-05209-9, page 278 〕 At first, the pupils in the ''Komenský'' association’s private schools were even required to travel to Břeclav to take their final exams. It was not until 1908 that education minister Gustav Marchet resolved that Czech teachers could also hold these exams in Vienna. The city council criticised this as a serious attack on the German school system and Vienna’s German character.〔M. John, A. Lichtblau: ''Schmelztiegel Wien – Einst und jetzt'', page 278〕
Lueger’s successor, Josef Neumayer, from the Christian Social Party, ordered the closure of a newly established ''Komenský'' school in the Schützengasse on 23 September 1911. This act provoked not just a critical response in other parts of the empire, but also led to anti-Czech protests by German nationalists and members of the Christian Social Party. The largest rally attracted some 5000 people to a demonstration against Vienna’s Czechs.〔 During World War I, the ''Komenský'' association offered to let the City of Vienna use the school buildings as a lazaret. The buildings had been kept closed by the authorities, allegedly because of their poor construction, but the City accepted the association’s offer.〔Franz Pesendorfer (ed.), Karl und Marta Brousek: ''Wiener Impressionen – Auf den Spuren tschechischer Geschichte in Wien / Vídeňské imprese – po českých stopách dějín Vidně'', Verband Wiener Volksbildung – Edition Volkshochschule, Wien 2003, ISBN 3-900799-38-5, page 83 〕

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